Translating Transgender: A laymans guide to the least-known minority E

Translating Transgender: A layman's guide to the least-known minority Who hasn't been told to "just be yourself and people will like you?" It seems like such a simple notion. But what if being yourself could lead to harassment, rejection, isolation, unemployment, homelessness, physical violence, or even death? Not so simple anymore, is it? Sadly, this situation is one that confronts transgendered people worldwide on a daily basis. Laurie Johnson*, a tall, robust Fall River resident who underwent male-to-female sex reassignment surgery in 1998, says that she can hardly leave her house without being hassled. "The discrimination and harassment are almost constant when I'm 'dressed,'" she says. "I've heard total strangers comment 'Is that a man or a woman?'. I've been denied service at a bank because they claimed I was wearing a 'disguise.' I tried to attend a business school where they required students to wear business attire. I was asked to leave the first day because I was 'disrupting the classes' simply by being there." Sadly, Johnson's experiences are not uncommon. Many transgendered people, "dressed" or not, report encountering such discrimination and difficulties in their day-to-day lives, a lot of which can be largely attributed to the fact that, despite the great progress that has been made on the gender front, the general public is still largely uneducated about the transgendered lifestyle. While the gay and lesbian movements have come to the forefront of our national consciousness as a result of the recent gay marriage controversy, the transgender movement has remained somewhat in the shadows. Indeed, the transgender culture is probably the least talked about, most commonly misunderstood minority in... ...owed up and talked to them for a while, then wrote a nice story but her editor squashed it because of the ad revenue they get from that chain. They don't usually bother me anymore, unless they have a new security worker." More than anything, when speaking of life as a transsexual, Johnson says she just wishes people would understand that "transsexuals are just like everyone else in the world except when it comes to sex and gender. We can be generous or greedy, kind or cruel, loving or bigoted. Statistically, we're smarter than the general population and, on average, more law abiding." "I would just like to be left alone," she says. Justin Clemente has a slightly different outlook on things. "If (as a society) we can't accept each other, how can we accept ourselves?" he says. "Diversity is honestly the spice of life, and with no spice, life SUCKS!"

Mobile Money Transfer

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Mobile money transfer Mobile money transfer, also referred to as mobile money, mobile  payment, and mobile wallet generally refer to payment services operated under  financial regulations and performed from or via a  mobile device. Instead of paying with cash, cheque, or credit cards, a consumer can use a mobile phone to pay for a wide range of services and digital or hard goods. Although the concept of using non-coin-based currency systems has a long history,  it is only recently that the technology to support such systems has become widely available.Similarly, Julia s. cheney defined mobile financial services from her paper examination of mobile banking and mobile payments as follows â€Å"Mobile financial services is a term applied to a range of financial activities conducted using mobile devices, such as cellular phones or personal digital assistants. These activities fall into two broad categories: mobile banking and mobile payments. Mobile banking allows bank customers to check balances, monitor transactions, obtain other account information, transfer funds, locate branches or ATMs, and, sometimes, pay bills. In the United States, depository institutions' mobile banking platforms rely on one or a combination of the following three strategies: SMS text messaging, browser-based programs, or downloadable mobile-banking applications. The term mobile payments refers to payment transactions initiated or confirmed using a person's mobile cellular phone or personal digital assistant. These may be such things as making a purchase at the point of sale, sending money to a person or a business, or purchasing a product or service remotely. Mobile payments generally fall into two categories. Those made at the point of sale are called â€Å"proximity payments† and are typically initiated using NFC technology. Mobile â€Å"remote payments,† on the other hand, are not transmitted by NFC but rather require payments to be initiated and settled through the mobile cellular phone network in combination with an associated payment network. These payments may involve person-to-person, person-to-business, or business-to-business payments and rely on SMS text messaging, wireless Internet technology, or a downloaded application in order to execute the payment.Mobile payment is being adopted all over the world in different ways (wirelessintelligence.com) (erricson.com 2011). In 2008, the combined market for all types of mobile payments was projected to reach more than $600B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013),  which would be double the figure as of February, 2011 (bonsoni.com 2011). The mobile payment market for goods and services, excluding contactless  near field communication  or NFC transactions and money transfers, is expected to exceed $300B globally by 2013 (juniper research 2013). In  developing countries  mobile payment solutions have been deployed as a means of extending financial services to the community known as the â€Å"unbanked† or â€Å"under banked,† which is estimated to be as much as 50% of the world's adult population, according to Financial Access' 2009 Report â€Å"Half the World is Unbanked† (financialAccess.org 2009). These payment networks are often used for  micropayments.  The use of mobile payments in developing countries has attracted public and private funding by organizations such as the  Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,  United States Agency for International Development  and  Mercy Corps.Mobile financial services cover a â€Å"broad range of financial activities that Consumers engage in or access using their mobile phones† (Boyd and Jacob, 2007:6). They can be classified into three separate categories: mobile banking (m?banking), Mobile money transfer (m?money transfer), and mobile payments (m?payments) (GSMA, 2008a). M?banking is subsumed under the larger category of electronic banking.Electronic banking (e?banking) refers to â€Å"the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels. These include deposit taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money† (Basel 1998:3). As a form of e?banking, m?banking is defined as:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦financial services delivered via mobile networks and performed on a mobile phone. These services may or may not be defined as banking services by the regulator, depending on the legislation of the country in question, as well as on which services are offered.† (Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008: 7).Porteous (2006) further explains that mobile banking can either be additive or transformational. For the former type, m?banking is considered an additional channel for existing clients to access banking services; in the transformational category, however, it targets clients who do not have bank accounts, aiming to include them into the formal banking system. (Bà ¥ngens and Sà ¶derberg 2008). Money, on the other hand, is a form of electronic money. Electronic money refers to â€Å"stored value or prepaid payment mechanisms for executing payments via point of sale terminals, direct transfers between two devices, or over the computer networks, such as the Internet. Stored value products include hardware or card based mechanisms (electronic purses or wallets), and software or network based cash (also called digital cash)† (Basel, 1998:3?4). M? money then refers to â€Å"services that connect consumers financially through mobile phones. Mobile money allows for any mobile phone subscriber – whether banked or unbanked – to deposit value into their mobile account, send value via a simple handset to another mobile subscriber, and allow the recipient to turn that value back into cash easily and cheaply† (GSMA, 2009:7). In this way, m?money can be used for both transfers and payments. In fact, m?money is generally used in m?payments and m?money transfers rather than for m?banking. As such, m?money does not earn interest compared to bank deposits. This ensures that all e?cash (of which m?money is one) dispensed and circulating corresponds to actual funds in the system. This helps the central banks track movements in money supply1 (Mapa, 2009). With this, m?money cannot be used for savings and cannot be lent by m?money service providers (Sec 5.C and D of Circular 649) (BSP 2009). However, whether these funds should not earn interest has been questioned by some, especially when the funds that are pooled to back?up the issued e?money can be deposited in a prudentially regulated institution or invested in â€Å"lower?risk† securities (Tarazi, 2009).Thus far, the use of m?money has primarily been transactional, such as payment of bills (including payment conversion of m?money to electronic loads), transfer of funds. In microfinance, for instance, the system has largely been utilized to transfer and pay loans.Mobile banking models:Lyman et.al. (2006) makes two distinctions of branchless banking: bank led Non?bank commercial actors. This was further expanded by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) by breaking down mobile banking variants into 5 models based on how they partner up with telecommunication providers: (1) carriers going solo, (2) banks going solo, (3) exclusive bank and telecom partnership, (4) bank telecom open partnership, and (5) open federation model. These variations indicate that there is much innovation occurring with respect to delivering m?banking/m?money services. Although innovation is important, at some point, standardization would be needed to support interoperability that would enhance services among customers (GSMA, 2008a). In fact, of the five models mentioned, the open federation model is considered by Goswami & Raghavendran (2009) as the most flexible and dynamic since it allows for a partnership between all banks and telecom companies while sharing a common platform for m? banking. The platform then expands the coverage of mobile banking and gives the unbanked a freedom to choose with whom to maintain an account. The other implication of the variety of existing models is that it creates different regulatory arrangements depending on the nature of partnerships between telecommunication carriers and financial institutions. In the case of SMART Money in the Philippines, for instance, the banking regulations have complied with by its banking partner, whereas the telecommunications aspect is addressed by the telecommunications provider. A regulatory distinction however occurs once there is e?money issuance by a telecommunication company or non?bank entity through the telecommunications operator (Lyman, et al. 2006), as was the case with Globe Telecom's G?Cash. In both cases, they had to work with financial regulators on banking regulations it was not previously concerned with. Mobile phone payments is a popular and most preferable way of sending and receiving money in Africa since the vast majority of the continents' population are ruler dwellers or uneducated (Ayo, Ukpere, Oni, Ometo, & Akinsiko, 2012; Mangudla, 2012). The concept of mobile money transfer dates back to the history of telecommunication and banking industries. There are collaborations between the two industries for the facilitation of MMT service (Ayo et.al, 2012). M-PESA was the first MMT service in Africa, which was introduced by Safaricom of Kenya (A Vodafone partner) in 2007. M-PESA (M refers to mobile, and PESA refers money in Swahili language) can be accessed from the different outlets such as the headquarter, main branches of the company, or an authorized business outlet. Safaricom registered over 20, 000 consumers for M-PESA within the first month of introducing the service (Hughes & Lonie, 2007), and the number reached more than 15 million users of MMT in Kenya after five years of launching (Michaels, 2011). He contends that there are several factors behind the wide adoption and acceptance of this service by the users including rapid migration to cities for work, a significant unbanked number of the populace, the credibility of the service provider, and finally their commitment towards families in home villages. Therefore, as asserted by Hughes & Lonie, (2007), the M-PESA is primarily designed for the unbanked populace in Kenya. The MMT also was later introduced in several African countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana, Somalia among others. The success of these services in South Africa and Ghana were less than the Kenya's M-PESA success (Tobbin, 2010). MMT IN SOMALIA:MMT service in Somalia was first introduced by GOLIS , HORMUD and TELESOM telecommunication companies working with puntland, south central Somalia and Somaliland respectively. SAHAL and ZAAD money transfer was the first product; however, EVC, the hormud version of MMT, was banned by al-Shabab Group. The hormud company later introduced a more advanced service named EVC Plus. Other telecommunication service providers later offered similar products with different brands. For example, Nation link offer E-MAAL and somtel offers E-DAHAB services respectively. The lack of effective government in Somalia affected the necessities of the life and the telecommunication industry filled the governmental gap by introducing revolutionary technologies (Osman, 2012). The industry provides several services such landline, mobile phones, internet and mobile banking. The mobile banking or what we can refer to mobile money transfer is very popular in the most sophisticated and active people in Africa with regard to mobile phone payment (Osman, 2012).Many diverse factors contribute to the adoption and acceptance of these MMT services in Somalia. One major reason is that the banking systems in the country are very limited. In addition, there is much risk for caring cash since the country is still politically unstable and recovering from more than two decades of chaos and civil war (Mohamed, 2013). There are huge remittances sent by the Somali Diaspora back home to their families, friends, relatives, or business associates. There is also huge migration to the major cities because of economic crisis, famine, droughts, and job seeking. All these factors can contribute to the acceptance and usage of MMT service by the Somalis as they were behind its usage in other countries especially in Africa. There are limited empirical studies on the state of art of MMT adoption in the country. Sayid, Echchabi, and Abd. Aziz (2012) examined the mobile money acceptance in Somalia by drawing on the TAM model. Sayid et.al's (2012) study suggested that perceived usefulness and security positively affected the attitude towards mobile banking, whereas social influence and perceived usefulness significantly and positively influenced the intention to accept mobile money. Furthermore, their study suggested that perceived ease of use had positive effect on perceived usefulness of mobile money. Sayid et.al's (2012) sample size was very small (N=100) which is difficult to draw a statistical conclusion from it. In addition, this study looked at the MMT in a broader scope. However, their study provided useful insights about the factors influencing the acceptance and adoption of MMT in the country.The current study will examine the trends, challenge and future of mobile money transfer and banking in puntland. The study will focus sahal service as particular as there is no such in depth analysis in this service before. This service has 597,000 sahal service active subscribers which do mobile money services across puntland, similarly it has 86,000 active mobile payment subscribers which use sahal payment as their first choice paybills.The study will focus on these customers, the regulation and the mobile network operators to study the trends, challenges and future of this service.

Essay about The Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals

Can suicide be justified as morally correct? This is one of the many questions Immanuel Kant answers in, â€Å"The Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals†. Kant discusses many questions with arguable answers, which explains why he is one of the most controversial philosophers still today. Throughout Kant’s work, multiple ideas are considered, but the Categorical Imperative is one of the most prevalent. Though this concept is extremely dense, the Categorical Imperative is the law of freedom that grounds pure ethics of the metaphysics of ethics. Categorical imperatives are the basis of morality because they provoke pure reasons for every human beings actions. By the end of his work, one will understand Kant’s beliefs on morality, but to explain†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, there are few to none examples of a Categorical Imperative, because as Kant would believe, they have to be actions that are good in themselves completely. To arrive at the Ca tegorical Imperative, Kant starts off by explaining that an action is good without qualification if done from duty and not primarily from inclination, or ulterior motives. This, in a more simplified manner, means an action is good if it was the right thing to do and a person did it for the sake of duty and not because of anything else, like instincts or feelings. Kant believes there are very few people in this world that can actually live up to the standard of duty. From this point, Kant states that moral worth is determined by the rule or principle by which an action has been decided, not in the purpose to be attained by it. This statement goes back to the difference of means versus ends; is a person’s action based on the mean or is it based on ends? After Kant arrives at this, he then affirms that duty is the reverence for the law. The difference between reason and will is established at this point. Reason, or thought, can be described as theoretical or pure reason, or it c an be described as practical reason. Kant describes theoretical reason as determining a given concept, but practical reason is idea of making the concept actual. Will, on the other side, can be broken down to either the â€Å"holy will† or empirically mixedShow MoreRelated Kants Groundworks of the Metaphysic of Morals Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesKants Groundworks of the Metaphysic of Morals In Groundworks of the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel Kant proposes that good will is the only thing which is good and that a person should act only under that maxim which he would will to be universal (273); Kant calls that test for morality the Categorical Imperative. Kant believes that the CI can be formulated in several different ways, a. The Formula of Universal Law b. The Formula of the End in Itself Read MoreKant s Groundwork Of The Metaphysic Of Morals860 Words   |  4 PagesKant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel Kant was one of the most important European philosophers and lived from 1724 to 1804. In his time he created Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Metaphysic of Morals. Kant starts by stating that â€Å"By identifying a good will as the only unconditional good, he denies that the principles of good willing can be fixed by reference to an objective good or telos at which they aim.† This ties into Kants next part of his work because it describes two shopkeepersRead MoreGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Emmanuel Kant570 Words   |  2 PagesIn his book, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant explores the issues of human morality, and attempts to â€Å"seek out and establish the supreme principle of morality† (Kant 60). Despite acknowledging that human beings will still most likely act morally, whether or not they have a clear understanding of moral principles, Kant explains that a clearer understanding of moral principles can allow individuals to fulfil l their moral obligations, and keep their motivations pure. Kant starts off, inRead MoreImmanuel Kants Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals952 Words   |  4 PagesKant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals serves the purpose of founding moral theory from moral judgment and examining whether there is such thing as a ‘moral law’ that is absolute and universal. In chapter three of his work, he discusses the relationship between free will and the moral law and claims â€Å"A free will and a will under moral laws are one and the same.† He stands firm in his belief that moral law is what guides a will that is free from empirical desires. To be guided by moral lawsRead MoreA Summary of Groundworks of the Metaphysics of Morals by Immanuel Kant1290 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- Critique of Practical Reason and Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals Summary Groundwork for the Metaphysic of Morals, published in 1785, is Kant’s first major work in ethics. Like the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, the Groundwork is the short and easy-to-read version of what Kant deals with at greater length and complexity in his Critique. The Critique of Practical Reason, published three years later, contains greater detail than the Groundwork and differs from it on some points—inRead More Organized Being in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals1595 Words   |  7 PagesWhile this presupposition is logically consistent with the rest of Kants moral theory it does not coincide with what we can actually observe in nature. The following essay will examine, one, the idea of an organized being, secondly, why Kant proposes it, then we will contrast this idea with what we observe, and finally, analyse the extent of the harm done to the overarching theory of morality presented in the Groundwork if this concept is impaired. According to Kant, In the physical constitutionRead MoreKants Groundwork Of The Metaphysics Of Moral And John Stuart Mill Analysis966 Words   |  4 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism present arguments for the contrasting moral theories espoused by the two philosophers. In this paper, I will argue that Kant’s moral theory provides for a stronger rational approach to the problem presented in Example A than utilitarian moral theory as it provides a conclusive moral rationale based on the categorical imperative and universalization of maxims for its espousal against lying, whereas utilitarianismRead MoreThe Metaphysics Of Morals1418 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Emmanuel Kant, we are presented with this conception of Kant’s called â€Å"the Form of Law.† With the discussion of the Form of Law, we will also come to encounter both moral law and th e categorical imperative. Kant’s notion of the Form of Law, we will later see has a great deal of significance within the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Within the discussion of the Form of Law’s significance in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, KantRead MoreKant s Theory Of Rights929 Words   |  4 Pagesworthy of dignity and respect. That the moral action does not consist on the consequences but instead in the intention of why the act was done. Its important to do what is right because it is right, and not for a personal motive. Kant does not believe in self-interest to be part of the moral worth. Self-interest such as wants, desires, and appetites are part of what he calls â€Å"motives of inclination†. He only believes that actions done by motive of duty have a moral worth. The differences between dutyRead MoreAnalysis Of Minority Report1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthe movie in further detail, does it hold its place? The Pre-crime program punishes individuals for having the intent to murder another, even when the action does not take place. Kant elaborates his standards pertaining ethics in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, where Pre-crime can be further understood. Minority Report takes place in the year 2054, crime is virtually eradicated from Washington D.C. due to the Precrime crew. The program uses three gifted humans, known as Pre-Cogs, to

Deviance Deviance And Deviance - 987 Words

Quite frequently in our day-to-day lives we hear the word deviance†, but we never really know the concepts behind it, although, deviance exists in almost every society. It is recognized as a term with many theories behind it which gives an immense range of interpretations of what deviance is and is not. According to Brym and Lie, deviance is defined as â€Å"departure from a norm that evokes a negative reaction from others† (2015:96). In other words, when someone is doing something that the rest of the society finds improper, or out of the ordinary, deviance is usually the term that defines those actions. Likewise, there are many examples of deviance that we experience in our daily lives, but not come to notice it, such as nose picking, dying your hair blue, walking backwards, skipping classes, and much more. Like many others, I have also participated and experienced deviance throughout my life, and one of them was attending a friend’s wedding who had a lower stat us than compared to mine. In the following essay, I will be explaining how I have experienced deviance through a theoretical perspective and how sociological imagination has assisted me in understanding my example better. We all come from various backgrounds, class, and status. Specifically, social class played a very critical role in my life, resulting in participating in deviance. Particularly, social class is further defined as our position in a social hierarchy and the roles that come along with it which areShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Deviance972 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Deviance Workplace deviance is a voluntary unethical behavior that disobeys organizational norms about wrong and right, and in doing so, threatens the wellbeing of the organization, and/or its members(Robinson and Bennett 555-572). According to Robinson and Bennett, â€Å"workplace deviances behavior varies along two dimensions: minor versus serious, and interpersonal (deviant behavior directed at other individuals in the organization) versus organizational (deviant behavior directed at theRead MoreWhat is Deviance?847 Words   |  4 PagesDeviance is defined as actions or behaviors that violate socials norms. In turn the concept of deviance is dependent on the social observation and perception. â€Å"By it’s very nature, the constructionism through which people define and interpret actions or appearances is always â€Å"social.† †(Henry, 2009 , p. 6) One’s perception of a situation may be completely different from another depending on cultural and social factors . The way someone talks, walks, dresses, and holds themselves are all factors thatRead MoreDeviance Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Theories Of Devaince Presented In There Are No Children Here The four theories of deviance are The Learning Theory, The Strain Theory, The Social-Bond Theory and the Labeling Theory. These theories alone can explain the reasoning behind someone’s deviant behavior. But, in There Are No Children Here we see all of these theories being demonstrated. This lets us have an understanding of exactly why we are seeing the deviant behavior that we are. This learning theory is basically the idea thatRead MoreEssay on Deviance in the Film Sleepers1084 Words   |  5 PagesDeviance in the Film Sleepers Deviance is the behavior and the standards of expectations of a group or society. It is also behavior that is considered dangerous, threatening or offensive. The people that are deviant are often labeled to be weirdos, oddballs, or creeps. 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Conduct disorder gives as destructive and discourteous conduct. TheseRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1335 Words   |  6 Pages Deviance is defined as the fact or state of departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behavior. There are many different forms of deviance in today s society. Something that is viewed as being deviant in one culture might be seen as normal in another. There are many different types and theories in which define deviance, however their are 3 broad categories, these 3 categories are positivist, relativist, and critical conceptions of deviance. These 3 categories areRead MoreDeviance : Deviance And Deviance1292 Words   |  6 PagesCharacterizing deviance All Sociologists characterize deviant conduct as conduct that is seen as disregarding expected standards and principles. Deviance is significantly more than simply basic non-similarity; it is conduct that hauls out fundamentally from social desires. The sociological meaning of deviance puts accentuation on social connection, not ones conduct. Sociologists view abnormality as far as procedures inside of a gathering, judgements and definitions, not generally as curious individualRead MoreDeviant Behavior/Tattoos Essay694 Words   |  3 Pagesnot conform to what people may consider normal, a behavior that does not meet with many expectations in society. Societies are both social structure and culture. Robert K Merton developed structural strain theory which is a perspective on what is deviance (Crossman, (n.d.)). There are many variations or meanings of what can be considered a deviant behavior. Merton has five categories in which he classified as conformists, ritualists, innovators, retreatists and rebels. Everyone at some time in their

Human Memory Recognition And The Dual Process Model

Recognition memory is a particular aspect of explicit memory which enables one to correctly determine whether a stimulus has been previously encountered. A much debated question is how human memory recognition operates. Generally, there have been two dominant approaches which have attempted to elucidate recognition memory; these include the single-process theory and the dual-process theory. The single process models were initially based on the signal detection theory (SDT); arguing that familiarity and recollection are based upon a single process continuum that represent weak (familiarity) and strong (recollection) memories (Reder, Arndt Park, 2006). However, the dual process models have gained additional supporting evidence claiming that recognition is not founded along a single continuum; but founded on two distinct processes: recollection and familiarity (Reder et al., 2006). Respectively, recognition and familiarity are sometimes referred to as ‘remember’ and †˜know† or the remember/know paradigm. The remember/know paradigm was initially introduced by Tulving (1985), to investigate the hypothetical conscious awareness that accompanies memory retrieval (Dunn, 2001). The dual process view postulates that recollection and familiarity are identified as independent processes. It is a widely held view that recollection typically demonstrates the retrieval of contextual information regarding a particular study episode, for instance this qualitative information could beShow MoreRelated Learning Styles and the Brain1645 Words   |  7 Pagescontexts, learning style lies at the foundation of individual identity and development. 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Introduction In this essay I will outline the main theoretical models relating to loss and grief. I will show how these theories may support individuals within the counselling process. To demonstrate the above I will draw upon my experience

Influential Users Internet Social Networks â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Influential Users Internet Social Networks? Answer: Introducation Social networking service is also known as web based service which allows the user or individuals to build a public or semipublic profile for the users and also with whom it shares the connections (Baltar and Brunet, 2012). In Todays world technology has change the mind of young people and due to this through internet the world is around the young people. The internet is also used by the young people through mobile, laptop, and also computer for the source of information and engage and construct and for maintenance of social network (Picazo-Vela, Gutirrez-Martnez and Luna-Reyes, 2012). This research is proposing benefits of social networking services with understanding of its objectives, methods, questions alongside the study of previously proposed information in the discussion. Objective Increasing digitalization has created a significant impact of social networking sites on business operations as well. It helps organizations in effectively reaching the consumer base. The major objective of this report is to examine the possible advantages and disadvantages of the social networking in business (Kasavana, Nusair and Teodosic, 2010). Furthermore the research suggests how to enhance brand loyalty and customer satisfaction for a business organisation through various popular social media platforms Scope It identifies various essential benefits related to social networking service (SNS) such as it promotes the sense of self-esteem and belongings. It helps in delivering educational outcomes. Further, it provides in facilitating supportive relationships and also maximises promoting internet and increasing the benefits of SNS and promoting internet (Woodcock, Green and Starkey, 2011). The media literacy may help the young people to protect from risks of online interactions like cyber-building, or plundering. Introduction to social networking According to Hendrickson, Rosen and Aune (2011), In todays world Australia is the most prolific user of social media and the youngsters of Australia between the age of 16-29 year old are affected to the internet are 90%. In most of the time they use the internet on an average of 22 hours in a week. The young people gives more importance to SNS in everyday life is incontrovertible. From 12 to 16 year old use SNS is 97% (Ellis, 2011). The vast majority of young people in Australia are enthusiastic. The users engaging on a daily basis with SNS through computer, mobile phones etc. Social networking service has now become an emerging field in research. The (Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2009) has studied of the negative impact of social networking services on people. Internet freedom is viewed as it shapes the strategic choices of the citizen. There are enough evidences available which shows that benefit associated with the use of social networking sites. The usage of internet is such that 64% of 97% mobile users have internet connection in their mobile. The use of SNS became the number one online activity for 16 to 29 year age group with 83% (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012). It allows the users to communicate through the internet with others in many ways such as commenting on photos, posts, and updating own profile, posting public messages, Twitter, Facebook, status function etc. The most of the internet activities in which mobile users are involved include downloading content, emailing and visiting popular SNS. 30% of the SNS users access their account via their mobile handset. Social networking benefits According to Trusov, Bodapati and Bucklin, (2010), it is an indisputable fact that SNS plays an important role in everyday life of young people. The age group which are majorly involved in SNS includes 90% among the age group of 12-17 years and 97% among the age group of 16-17 years. The number one online activity for the people of age group of 16-29 years includes SNS usage. It is reported that 83% of the people use SNS on regular basis (Sadler, Lee, Lim and Fullerton, 2010). SNS is a medium through which people can connect to each other in various form. Among the various forms through which people communicate include updating profile status, commenting on posts and photographs, posting and sharing public messages, etc. SNS provide instant messaging facility. According to Kwon and Wen, (2010), among the top ten online activities in which young people are engaged includes writing and reading blogs, micro-bloggong through Facebook and Twitter. The popularity of blogging over Facebook and Twitter via mobile phones is increasing. SNS facilitates communication, sharing and creating various forms of content such as photos, videos, blogs and many more. In Australia, the young people below the age under 25 are the prolific user of SNS and it is the most active group on SNS (Molina?Morales and Martnez?Fernndez, 2010). According to Sigala, (2012), the young people engaged in SNS and social media practices are exposed to wide range of challenges and risk which include privacy and personal information management, cyber bullying and risk of predation. It has suggested in their study that Australian parents are also becoming active on SNS but they are finding it difficult to understand and find these digital activities as complex. Australian parents are majorly concern about wellbeing and safety of young people using SNS. According to Greenhow, (2011), the reason behind the concern toward the wellbeing and safety of young people using SNS is the lack of understanding and awareness of public nature of internet. Global scenario of Social networking According to (Lenhart and Madden, 2007), many young people are aware of potential threats associated with privacy and they take steps also to minimise the risk. (Palfrey and et.al, 2008) suggested in their studies that risk or potential threat associated with online activity is no different with offline risks. Traino, Andzulis, Rapp and Agnihotri, (2014) suggested in their studies that risk associated with online activity is real and the consequences associated with it can be more serious and they should neither be overestimated or under-estimated. As social networking sites have become everyday part of people, it is important to identify the positive impact of SNS on life of people. It is important to identify the understanding of young people to estimate the potential risk associated with the usage of SNS. Social media technologies foster democracy especially in less-confined political spaces. Social networking sites are growing so rapidly that they are creating monopoly in the market. There is a threat of privacy or leaking of personal information to third parties. It is studied by (Fernandez-Martinez and Morales-Molina, 2010) that social media communication is a modern type of word of mouth used earlier by marketers for both commercial and non-commercial communication. Social media act as a platform even for consumers to post their positive or negative comment regarding any product or service. The influence and effectiveness of social media is more as people with similar experience relate themselves and add themselves to such posts. They show their liking for the post and even post their own experience in the form of comment also. Thus, we can call social media as electronic form of word of mouth. It has become more popular with increasing popularity of internet and mobile phones. Social media can be very useful and beneficial to the organizations and individuals. It can be used in the form of forum for discussion, electronic bulletin board, newspaper, blog, SNS, etc. Another reason of SNS becoming popular day by day is vast information is ava ilable through it. Even at global level, the popularity of SNS has raised. SNS has changed the way information are communicated (Kwon and Wen, 2010). Internet has changed the face of marketing activities and communication both. Even before making any purchase decision consumer prefers to search and compare products on internet. SNS are the best medium even to get review about the product. SNS can serve as a tool for communication for marketers (Sadler, Lee, Lim and Fullerton, 2010). Todays world rum around internet and internet has provided various benefits such as SNS. It facilitated transmission of information and hence marketers use them for both individual and product branding. One of the benefits of SNS is that information reaches to mass. Even marketers can reach to many people at a time on SNS and it is more persuasive way also. SNS are easily accessible to vast number of people and influences them also. The objectives set in previous section have been focussed in entire research according to which several questions have been framed (Park and Lee, 2008). These questions have set entire study on right track in relation to benefits of social networking sites. The primary questions for present research are as followings: Does social network influence the business in the future? H0: social network does not influence the business in the future H1: social network influences the business in the future Does the social networking help in enhancing the consumers satisfaction and brand loyalty through marketing? H0: the social networking is not helpful in enhancing the consumers satisfaction and brand loyalty through marketing H1: the social networking is helpful in enhancing the consumers satisfaction and brand loyalty through marketing Research design This paper incorporates the qualitative approach to study research objectives. The report will undertake a descriptive research in order to attain significant and well defined result. The analysis of social networking sites will be undertaken to attain reliable and actua; data. Sampling Sampling is significant for structuring the study and attaining valid and significant data for the study. Social networks play a significant role in business growth and development. The population is vast for the study. In order to attain valid data sample analysis of businesses from Sydney will undertaken. 10 major companies will be reviewed and analysed. The researcher will focus on identifying the businesses association with social networks. Data collection process Secondary means of data collection has been adopted for the study to attain significant and well defined result. Sampling has been done effectively and the tool that has been employed to work on the data collection is particularly snow ball sampling measure where an in-depth research about the issue has been undertaken and to attain reliable and valid research results (Baltar and Brunet, 2012). Reliability and validity Research will be undertaken in a structured and well defined manner. The secondary data collection is challenging task. However the resreacher will ensure that The major limitation of the study is related to formulating objective of the study. The social networking service is a vast topic on which detailed study can be done. But the current study is limited to the benefits of social networking services. The study was limited to make it more specific. The second limitation of study was collection of data. It was equally important to collect valid and reliable data. Analysing the data collected was additional challenge of the study. Time schedule The following schedule of activities clearly defines the process of research and its time segment: Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Business research 13 wks Tue 8/1/17 Mon 10/30/17 Market analysis 1 wk Tue 8/1/17 Mon 8/7/17 Problem identification 1 wk Tue 8/8/17 Mon 8/14/17 2 Drafting aims and objectives 1 wk Tue 8/15/17 Mon 8/21/17 3 Undertaking past literature 2 wks Tue 8/22/17 Mon 9/4/17 4 Choosing data collection method 1 wk Tue 8/22/17 Mon 8/28/17 4 Sampling 2 wks Tue 8/29/17 Mon 9/11/17 6 secondary data collection 2 wks Tue 9/12/17 Mon 9/25/17 7,5 Data analysis 1 wk Tue 9/26/17 Mon 10/2/17 8 Finding solution to research issues 1 wk Tue 10/3/17 Mon 10/9/17 9 Draft submission 1 wk Tue 10/10/17 Mon 10/16/17 10 Improving as per feedbacks 1 wk Tue 10/17/17 Mon 10/23/17 11 Final submission 1 wk Tue 10/24/17 Mon 10/30/17 12 References Baltar, F. and Brunet, I., 2012. Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook.internet Research,22(1), pp.57-74. Ellis, P.D., 2011. Social ties and international entrepreneurship: Opportunities and constraints affecting firm internationalization.Journal of International business studies,42(1), pp.99-127. Greenhow, C., 2011. Online social networks and learning.On the horizon,19(1), pp.4-12. Gronum, S., Verreynne, M.L. and Kastelle, T., 2012. The role of networks in small and medium?sized enterprise innovation and firm performance.Journal of Small Business Management,50(2), pp.257-282. Hendrickson, B., Rosen, D. and Aune, R.K., 2011. An analysis of friendship networks, social connectedness, homesickness, and satisfaction levels of international students.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,35(3), pp.281-295. Kasavana, M.L., Nusair, K. and Teodosic, K., 2010. Online social networking: redefining the human web.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology,1(1), pp.68-82. Kwon, O. and Wen, Y., 2010. An empirical study of the factors affecting social network service use.Computers in human behavior,26(2), pp.254-263. Molina?Morales, F.X. and Martnez?Fernndez, M.T., 2010. Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation.Journal of Small Business Management,48(2), pp.258-279. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutirrez-Martnez, I. and Luna-Reyes, L.F., 2012. Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector.Government information quarterly,29(4), pp.504-511. Sadler, G.R., Lee, H.C., Lim, R.S.H. and Fullerton, J., 2010. Recruitment of hard?to?reach population subgroups via adaptations of the snowball sampling strategy.Nursing health sciences,12(3), pp.369-374. Sigala, M., 2012. Social networks and customer involvement in new service development (NSD) The case of www. mystarbucksidea. com.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,24(7), pp.966-990. Trainor, K.J., Andzulis, J.M., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R., 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), pp.1201-1208. Trusov, M., Bodapati, A.V. and Bucklin, R.E., 2010. Determining influential users in internet social networks.Journal of Marketing Research,47(4), pp.643-658. Woodcock, N., Green, A. and Starkey, M., 2011. Social CRM as a business strategy.Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management,18(1), pp.50-64. Scope

Michael Eisner at Disney

Michael Eisner’s had distributed leadership roles to other junior members of staff in Disney which made them feel like they were part of the organization. He brought into the organization an alternative way of thinking which had a big influence on the way different processes in the organization were performed. This approach made some employees to follow his style but some were quick to dismiss him.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Eisner at Disney specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some board members felt that he did not consult them whenever he made big decisions that had an impact on the company’s future. However, he failed to put in place succession planning, which would have ensured more employees acquire leadership skills to make them capable of running the organization effectively. He failed to understand that power systems in a big organization have an impact on the way it is managed. Th erefore, he left an organizational climate of mistrust and disunity, in the last days of his tenure. He was not able to manage key relationships with the board and this led to antagonism between him and other board members. Eisner needs to cultivate an organizational climate of trust, loyalty and improvement. His reforms in the company antagonized some creative employees who had been instrumental in improving its performance in the market. Eisner needs to collaborate with other members of the board to bring more unity to the organization. This will make it possible for the firm to avoid board room wrangles which have a negative effect on the firm’s operations in the market. Eisner needs to make other board members and fellow managers trust him to ensure that he strengthens their confidence in his leadership. This will make it possible for Disney to improve the way it operates in the industry. Eisner needs to consult more before making crucial decisions to ensure that other st akeholders in the firm do not view him as an authoritarian leader. He needs to understand the concerns of people he works with to improve the way he relates with them. Eisner made the organization to suffer from poor corporate governance. The firm was not able to plan for the future because the resignation of Roy Disney and the exit of Stanley Gold showed that Eisner did not have a good relationship with the two. He also made Steve Jobs to end the partnership between his firm, Pixar and Disney.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His failure to sign the contract to extend the relationship between Disney and Pixar was detrimental to the company’s finances. He failed to make necessary compromises to safeguard the strategic association between Disney and Pixar. He had entrenched himself in power which made him lack a future vision for the company. Eisner made major decisions which had an impact on the operations of the firm without involving the board and other senior employees. This disunity made the firm not to have any long term plans to guide its operations in the market. In conclusion, Eisner’s mistakes exposed the firm adversely. He was not ready to cede power to other members of the organization which caused disunity and mistrust. He failed to operate effectively at the strategic level which had a negative impact on the performance of Disney in the market. However, Eisner improved the creative process in the company. He encouraged workers to be innovative in their operations which improved the firm’s organizational culture. This essay on Michael Eisner at Disney was written and submitted by user Leyla Ward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.